All the essays are in band 4, with many scoring full marks. Participants were tasked with recalling consonant trigrams after varying intervals where they were tasked with counting backwards in threes. How To Revise For GCSE Psychology Step-by-Step, Chapter 8: Issues and Debates in Psychology, Outline the multi-store model of memory (6 marks), Evaluate the multi-store memory model (6 marks AS, 8-10 marks A-level), Outline and evaluate the multi-store model of memory (12 marks AS, 16 marks A-level), Explain what normative social influence is (4 marks), Explain what informational social influence is (4 marks), Outline and evaluate normative and informational social influence explanations of conformity (12 marks for AS and 16 marks for A-level), Outline the working memory model (6 marks), Describe the strengths of the working memory model (4), Describe the weaknesses of the working memory model (4), Discuss the working memory model outlining the strengths and weaknesses (12 marks AS, 16 marks A-level), What is meant by proactive interference and retroactive interference? In condition 1 a man exited a discussion holding a pen while condition 2 saw a man exiting holding a paper-knife covered in blood after a loud altercation. Similar to a labelling system on a filing system, the cues act as markers to aid recall and without these, the mind is unable to locate the correct memory. In real situations arousal, stress, anxiety or concentration may be a stronger factor in recall than leading questions. The first is Declarative memory which is a type of conscious memory also known as “knowing that” memory which helps us recall facts. This may be down to feeling a different emotion for example and trying to remember something when you were happy while you are feeling sad. Köhnken et al’s meta-analysis of 53 studies found the cognitive interview increased recall on average by 34% when compared to standard interview methods showing it is effective and has validity. ‘Hangxiety’ - The Impact of Alcohol on the Bran. GCSE psychology - Brain, Damasio wt al 1994- Phineas Gage. Consequently, these voices purpose of each item. AQA A-level Psychology Exam Papers and Practice Questions 2017; Past Paper question Memory. requirements. Also, research suggests age may be a confounding variable in itself when it comes to leading questions with Warren et al finding younger children were more susceptible to influence to misleading information than older. Case studies of individuals with brain damage that affects procedural memory but not declarative memory is needed to understand this better, however, such cases are extremely rare. Describing the angles was difficult as both tasks competed for the limited resources of the visuospatial sketchpad but not the verbal task as that involved two different slave systems. Results found the words that implied a stronger collision resulted in greater average estimates of speeds from participants. This study illustrated that in instances of real-life stressful situations recall may be accurate even months later. Report every detail regardless of how trivial it may seem. 214 High Street, Raymond is a college student who has recently started hearing voices. This was used to aid in the conviction of Danielle Jones killer as a reconstruction in 2001 prompted witnesses to recall her arguing with a man which later led to the conviction of her uncle through witness testimony.
In conditions without category headings, fewer words were recalled than when headings were present showing the information was available but simply unable to be accessed due to the absence of cues. Share: Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Linkedin Share on Google Share by email. This highlighted the difference in short-term memory and long-term memory, supporting the theory. A weakness with this study is it is based on a single individual, therefore, making it difficult to generalise the findings to the wider population as deficits in memory may be unique to this one person. Using the cognitive interview, the witness is encouraged to: The interviewer may also try to ensure they reduce the anxiety of the witness, minimise distractions, allow them to take their time in their recall and avoid interruptions or leading questions while the interview occurs. The group who observed the pen were more accurate (49%) than the group observing the violent situation (33%). Participants were tasked with recalling word lists with earlier and later words more likely to be recalled and this was known as the ‘primacy’ and ‘recency’ effect.
Delays of 10 seconds or more before recall resulted in only a primacy effect with only long-term memory affected. We will endeavour to arrange the appropriate refund or return within 7 us know why and we will do all that is reasonable to meet your After learning List A they were given List B and tasked with learning this.
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